Is There More Than One Road to Nevus-Associated Melanoma?
Keywords:
nevus-associated melanoma, melanoma, melanogenesis, dermoscopyAbstract
The association of melanoma with a preexisting nevus is still a debated subject. Histopathological data support an associated nevus in approximately 30% of all excised melanomas. The annual risk of an individual melanocytic nevus becoming malignant is extremely low and has been estimated to be approximately 0.0005% (or less than 1 in 200,000) before the age of 40 years, to 0.003% (1 in 33,000) in patients older than 60 years. Current understanding, based on the noticeable, small, truly congenital nevi and nevi acquired early in life, is that the first develops before puberty, presents with a dermoscopic globular pattern, and persists for the lifetime, becoming later a dermal nevus in the adult. In contrast, acquired melanocytic nevi develop mostly at puberty and usually undergo spontaneous involution after the fifth decade of life. The purpose of this review is to analyze the data of the literature and to propose, on the basis of epidemiological and clinical-dermoscopic characteristics, a new model of melanogenesis of nevus-associated melanoma.
References
Pampena R, Kyrgidis A, Lallas A, Moscarella E, Argenziano G, Longo C. A meta-analysis of nevus-associated melanoma: prevalence and practical implications. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;77(5):938-945.e4.
Lin WM, Luo S, Muzikansky A, et al. Outcome of patients with de novo versus nevus-associated melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;72(1):54-58.
Cymerman RM, Shao Y, Wang K, et al. De novo vs nevus-associated melanomas: differences in association with prognostic indicators and survival. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016;108(10):djw121.
Stante M, Carli P, Massi D, de Giorgi V. Dermoscopic features of naevus-associated melanoma. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2003;28(5):476-480.
Shitara D, Nascimento M, Ishioka P, et al. Dermoscopy of naevus-associated melanomas. Acta Derm Venereol. 2015;95(6):671-675.
Rhodes AR, Harrist TJ, Day CL, Mihm MC Jr, Fitzpatrick TB, Sober AJ. Dysplastic melanocytic nevi in histologic association with 234 primary cutaneous melanomas. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1983;9(4):563-574.
Cochran AJ. Histology and prognosis in malignant melanoma. J Pathol. 1969;97(3):459-468.
Friedman RJ, Rigel DS, Kopf AW, et al. Favorable prognosis for malignant melanomas associated with acquired melanocytic nevi. Arch Dermatol. 1983;119(6):455-462.
Kaddu S, Smolle J, Zenahlik P, et al. Melanoma with benign melanocytic naevus components: reappraisal of clinicopathological features and prognosis. Melanoma Res. 2002;12(3):271-278.
Kakavand H, Crainic O, Lum T, et al. Concordant BRAFV600E mutation status in primary melanomas and associated naevi: implications for mutation testing of primary melanomas. Pathology. 2014;46(3):193-198.
Bevona C, Goggins W, Quinn T, Fullerton J, Tsao H. Cutaneous melanomas associated with nevi. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139(12):1620-1624.
Tucker MA, Halpern A, Holly EA, et al. Clinically recognized dysplastic nevi: a central risk factor for cutaneous melanoma. JAMA. 1997;277(18):1439-1444.
Tsao H, Bevona C, Goggins W, Quinn T. The transformation rate of moles (melanocytic nevi) into cutaneous melanoma: a population-based estimate. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139(3):282-288.
Lallas A, Zalaudek I, Cota C, et al. Naevus-associated lentigo maligna: coincidence or continuum? Hippokratia. 2011;15(4):373-375.
Haenssle HA, Mograby N, Ngassa A, et al. Association of patient risk factors and frequency of nevus-associated cutaneous melanomas. JAMA Dermatol. 2016;152(3):291-298.
Manganoni AM, Farisoglio C, Gavazzoni F, Facchetti F, Zanotti F, Calzavara-Pinton P. Nodular melanomas associated with nevi. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;63(5):e97.
Betti R, Santambrogio R, Cerri A, et al. Observational study on the mitotic rate and other prognostic factors in cutaneous primary melanoma arising from naevi and from melanoma de novo. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2014;28(12):1738-1741.
Alvarez Martinez D, Boehncke WH, Kaya G, Merat R. Recognition of early melanoma: a monocentric dermoscopy follow-up study comparing de novo melanoma with nevus-associated melanoma. Int J Dermatol. 2018;57(6):692-702.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Dermatology Practical & Conceptual applies a Creative Commons Attribution License (CCAL) to all works we publish (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Authors retain the copyright for their published work.