Long-Term Outcomes of Surgical and Chemical Matricectomy for Ingrown Toenail Management: A Retrospective Study

Ayda Acar; Ayris Ozturk; Berke Köklüce; Bengu  Gerceker Turk; Tuğrul Dereli

doi:10.5826/dpc.1502a4883

Long-Term Outcomes of Surgical and Chemical Matricectomy for Ingrown Toenail Management: A Retrospective Study

Authors

Ayda Acar Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Izmir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7507-6999
Ayris Ozturk Usak Training and Research Hospital , Usak https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0760-9292
Berke Köklüce Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Izmir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-742X
Bengu Gerceker Turk Special office, İzmir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3926-4199
Tuğrul Dereli Special office, İzmir https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0855-1301

Keywords:

matricectomy, chemical matricectomy, Ingrown toenail, Surgical matricectomy, Recurrence of ingrown toenail

Abstract

Introduction: Matricectomy is an effective treatment method for ingrown toenails.

Objective: We aimed to examine the outcomes of matricectomy procedures performed for ingrown toenails at a dermatology clinic, including patient characteristics, recurrence rates, post-operative complications, and patient satisfaction associated with these procedures.

Methods: Records of patients who underwent surgical or chemical matricectomy for ingrown toenails in our dermatological surgery unit between 2009 and 2023 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: A total of 300 matricectomies in 164 patients were examined in the study. A chemical matricectomy was performed on 97.6% (160) of 164 patients, while 2.4% (4) of patients underwent surgical matricectomy alone and 20.7% (34) underwent both surgical and chemical matricectomy. There was no significant difference in healing times and prolonged pain between surgical, sodium hydroxide, and phenol matricectomy. No significant relationships were found between the development of side effects, presence of diabetes mellitus, previous nail procedures, and having surgical, phenol or sodium hydroxide matricectomy. The order of recurrence rates from lowest to highest was combined surgical and chemical, sodium hydroxide, and phenol matricectomy, but this difference was not significant.

Conclusion: We found no significant differences in recurrence rates, side effects, or patient satisfaction among surgical, sodium hydroxide, and phenol matricectomy procedures.

References

Eekhof JA, Van Wijk B, Knuistingh Neven A, van der Wouden JC. Interventions for ingrowing toenails. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;2012(4):CD001541. Published 2012 Apr 18. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD001541.pub3 PMID: 22513901.

Stewart CR, Algu L, Kamran R, et al. Patient Satisfaction with Treatment for Onychocryptosis: A Systematic Review. Skin Appendage Disord. 2020;6(5):272-279. DOI:10.1159/000508927 PMID: 33088811.

Misiak P, Terlecki A, Rzepkowska-Misiak B, Wcisło S, Brocki M. Comparison of effectiveness of electrocautery and phenol application in partial matricectomy after partial nail extraction in the treatment of ingrown nails. Pol Przegl Chir. 2014;86(2):89-93. DOI:10.2478/pjs-2014-0016 PMID: 24670340.

Bostanci S, Ekmekçi P, Gürgey E. Chemical matricectomy with phenol for the treatment of ingrowing toenail: a review of the literature and follow-up of 172 treated patients. Acta Derm Venereol. 2001;81(3):181-183. DOI:10.1080/000155501750376267 PMID: 11558873.

Wang Y, Zhang N, Li X, et al. A novel cosmetic approach for partial matricectomy in treating ingrown toenails. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023;22(9):2542-2547. DOI:10.1111/jocd.15762 PMID: 37128829.

Delgado-Miguel C, Muñoz-Serrano AJ, Moratilla L, Sarmiento MDC, Miguel-Ferrero M, Martínez L. The effectiveness of matrix ablation with silver nitrate in the treatment of ingrown toenails. A single-center case-control study. Pediatr Dermatol. 2023;40(2):282-287. DOI:10.1111/pde.15217 PMID: 36461609. .

Bostancı S, Koçyiğit P, Güngör HK, Parlak N. Complications of sodium hydroxide chemical matrixectomy: nail dystrophy, allodynia, hyperalgesia. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2014;104(6):649-651. DOI:10.7547/8750-7315-104.6.649 PMID: 25514278.

Vinay K, Narayan Ravivarma V, Thakur V, et al. Efficacy and safety of phenol-based partial matricectomy in treatment of onychocryptosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(4):526-535. DOI:10.1111/jdv.17871 PMID: 34913204.

Chang HC, Lin MH. Comparison of Chemical Matricectomy with Trichloroacetic Acid, Phenol, or Sodium Hydroxide for Ingrown Toenails: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020 Feb 27;100(4):adv00065. DOI: 10.2340/00015555-3379. PMID: 31776585.

Ozdemir E, Bostanci S, Ekmekci P, Gurgey E. Chemical matricectomy with 10% sodium hydroxide for the treatment of ingrowing toenails. Dermatol Surg. 2004;30(1):26-31. DOI:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30004.x PMID: 14692922.

Gurhan U, Kahve Y, Yavuz IA, Varol A, Erler K. Does Electrocauterization of the Matrix After the Wedge Resection of the Toe-Nail Affect Recurrence in Discrete Age Groups Differently? A Retrospective Analysis. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2023;62(2):291-294. DOI:10.1053/j.jfas.2022.08.002 PMID: 36182645.

Mitchell S, Jackson CR, Wilson-Storey D. Surgical treatment of ingrown toenails in children: what is best practice? Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2011 Mar;93(2):99-102. DOI: 10.1308/003588411X12851639107674. Epub 2010 Nov 12. PMID: 21073822.

Yang G, Yanchar NL, Lo AY, Jones SA. Treatment of ingrown toenails in the pediatric population. J Pediatr Surg. 2008;43(5):931-935. DOI:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.12.042 PMID: 18485969.

Andreassi A, Grimaldi L, D'Aniello C, Pianigiani E, Bilenchi R. Segmental phenolization for the treatment of ingrowing toenails: a review of 6 years experience. J Dermatolog Treat. 2004;15(3):179-181. DOI:10.1080/09546630410026860 PMID: 15204151.

Romero-Pérez D, Betlloch-Mas I, Encabo-Durán B. Onychocryptosis: a long-term retrospective and comparative follow-up study of surgical and phenol chemical matricectomy in 520 procedures. Int J Dermatol. 2017;56(2):221-224. DOI:10.1111/ijd.13406 PMID: 27734499.

Córdoba-Fernández A, Lobo-Martín A. Hemostatic Efficacy of Absorbable Gelatin Sponges for Surgical Nail Matrixectomy after Phenolization-A Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med. 2022;11(9):2420. Published 2022 Apr 26. DOI:10.3390/jcm11092420 PMID: 35566545.

Barreiros H, Matos D, Goulão J, Serrano P, João A, Brandão FM. Using 80% trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of ingrown toenails. An Bras Dermatol. 2013 Nov-Dec;88(6):889-93. DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132296. PMID: 24474095.

Sargin S, Gulcu A, Aslan A. Does the Type of Surgical Technique and the Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics Affect the Clinical Results in Symptomatic Ingrown Toenail Patients?. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2024;23(1):124-132. DOI:10.1177/15347346211043602 PMID: 34515568.

Farley-Sakevich T, Grady JF, Zager E, Axe TM. Onychoplasty with carbon dioxide laser matrixectomy for treatment of ingrown toenails. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2005;95(2):175-179. DOI:10.7547/0950175 PMID: 15778478.

Kim J, Lee S, Lee JS, et al. A Minimally-Invasive, Simple, Rapid, and Effective Surgical Technique for the Treatment of Ingrown Toenails: A Reminder of the Original Winograd Procedure. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(1):278. Published 2021 Jan 1. DOI:10.3390/ijerph18010278 PMID: 33401516.

Kayalar M, Bal E, Toros T, Ozaksar K, Gürbüz Y, Ademoğlu Y. Results of partial matrixectomy for chronic ingrown toenail. Foot Ankle Int. 2011;32(9):888-895. DOI:10.3113/FAI.2011.0888 PMID: 22097165.

Rusmir A, Salerno A. Postoperative infection after excisional toenail matrixectomy: a retrospective clinical audit. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2011;101(4):316-322. DOI:10.7547/1010316 PMID: 21817000.