Dermoscopic assessment of vascular structures in solitary small pink lesions—differentiating between good and evil

Abstract

The diagnosis of a single small pink papule poses a real challenge to the clinician, as the differential diagnosis of such lesions includes benign entities such as a neurofibroma or hemangioma, as well as aggressive and potentially fatal skin malignancies such as amelanotic melanoma or Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). The absence of a benign vascular pattern and the presence of atypical vascular features under dermoscopy direct the clinician to proceed to histologic evaluation in order to rule out a malignant process in such lesions. The diagnosis of MCC is particularly problematic, given that this tumor usually lacks specific clinical diagnostic features. Low clinical suspicion for MCC may result in delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes. The dermoscopic features of MCC are also non-specific, most commonly including milky-red areas and linear irregular vessels. We report a patient who presented with two discrete pink papules on different digits that appeared three years apart. Dermoscopy helped to diagnose a harmless hemangioma in the first lesion, and a MCC in the latter. The malignant tumor was diagnosed and excised expeditiously, with no evidence of metastatic spread.